Natural family planning. Effective only if used perfectly.

What if feedback only counted if the learner used it?

Most teachers give written feedback because it is a required deliverable, like a checkout assistant handing every customer the printed receipt, even though few use them. However there is no point in giving feedback unless the learner uses it: modifies or actively reappraises something specific as a result. This paper explores the theoretical and practical implications of taking this as the star...

Natural family planning.

Natural family planning methods provide a unique option for committed couples. Advantages include the lack of medical adverse effects and the opportunity for participants to learn about reproduction. Modern methods of natural family planning involve observation of biologic markers to identify fertile days in a woman's reproductive cycle. The timing of intercourse can be planned to achieve or av...

Embedding If and Only If

Compounds of indicative conditionals present some puzzling phenomena. Perhaps most striking, some nested indicative conditionals are uninterpretable. Proponents of NTV hold that indicative conditionals do not have truth values, and they use this to explain why nested indicative conditionals are sometimes uninterpretable: the embedded conditional does not provide the truth conditions needed by t...

‘Only Systems Thinking Can Improve Family Planning Program in Pakistan’: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

Background Family Planning (FP) program in Pakistan has been struggling to achieve the desired indicators. Despite a well-timed initiation of the program in late 50s, fertility decline has been sparingly slow. As a result, rapid population growth is impeding economic development in the country. A high population growth rate, the current fertility rate, a stagnant contraceptive prevalence rate a...

WHO and Research in Natural Family Planning